Hydromobile.



PATENTED MAR. 2l, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTED MAR. 21, 1905.

0. A. MANKER. HYDROMOBILB. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 785,427. PATENTED MAR. 21, 1905.

C. A. MANKER.

HYDROMOBILE. APPLICATION FILED 11:13.24. 1902.

No. 785,427. PATENTED MAR. 2l, 1905.

C. A. MANKBR. HYDROMGBILE. APPLICATION FILED PEB. 24. 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

f UNITED' STATES Patented March 21, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

AssicNoR To MANKER- Louis, MISSOURI, A coa- PORATION OF ARIZONA TERRITORY.

\ HYDROMOBILE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 785,427, dated March 21, 1905. Application iled February 24,1902. Serial No. 95,335.

To (all whom it 'mrry/ concern:

vBe it known that I, CAREY ALAN MANKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pearl, in the county ot'Pike and State oi' Illinois, have invented certain newand usefullmprovements in Hydromobiles. of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part otl this specification.

ro The object ot' this invention is to provide a' swit't and practical means ot" water navigation, also ot' aerial navigation.

The nature of my invention involves the use of downwardly and upwardly moving plates or blades acting in such manner as to exert a simultaneous buoyant or sustaining effect and a propelling effect both while the plates or blades aredescending and while they are ascending.' Italso involves means for operating said plates in the water for hoisting and lowering the propeller, ot' which said plates are a part, giving the propeller a position to suit height of waves, so the boat may ride above them or may be lowered to suit smooth water, or the propellers may be drawn up into the body of the boatin s iallow water or harbor when boat is allowed to ioat. It also involves means to keep the boat erect and t'ree from turning over, which, it could 3 0 not help from doing except for such meansto prevent this result. Also and consequently the means involved not only propels the boat horizontally, but actually lifts the boat above the water and the waves, thereby eliminating displacement and resistance ot' the water, whereby a much greater speed is secured, because the inertia of the water is nolonger a resistance-factor to the body ot' the boat, there remaining' in the water nothn'gfbut the prorunner being broken off on thclme M M. Fig.

40 pellers, their connections to the body of the boat, the means for keeping boat erect, and its connection to body ot' boat, all of which mechanical appliances gliding in the water present a knife-edge to direction oi' movement,

thus to the highest eliicient degree eliminating resistance from the water and allowing ot' speed unattainable under condition of a boat taken on lines X X ot' Fig. IO.

or ship displacing and constantly overcoming water, the inertia of which is nearly or as strong to arrest as is the lpowenexerted to propel the craft or ship forward. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a plan or top view of a boat equipped with two, compensating screw-propellers at and undera position a little forward oi' the middle cross-line and a leveling-plate at rear. This view shows a section taken on i horizontal line IEIOE Fig. 2. Fig. 2 isa side view of boat, partly in section, taken on line 6o A A, Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a view of rear elevation oi boat, `partly in section, taken on line B B, Fig. l, and shows water-line with propellers and leveling-plate beneath boat. Fig.

, a is a section taken transversely of one ot' the 65 propellercarrying runners, the leveling-'plate edge, or one of the propeller-blades and illustrates the edge of any or all equipment por tions acting in or against the water. Fig. 5 is a i' vertical cross-section 'taken on line C C, Fig. 7o E2, and illustrates the hoisting apparatus. Fig.

6 is a vertical cross-section taken on line l) I), Fig. 2, illustrating the power mechanism and show ing how power is transmitted lfrom powerwheel to propellers. Fig. 7 isa vertical cross- V7 5 -section'taken on the vertical line E, Fig. 2,

illustrating mechanism by which variable velocities and pitch are imparted to the revolving propeller-blades of the compensating screwpropellers. Fig. 8 is a View showing in detail 8o the cog-wheel from which power is received from the power-wheel. Fig. 9 is a section taken through the cog-wheel shown in Fig. 8, with the power-transmitting shaft positioned therein.

Fig. l0 is avertical longitudinal section taken 85 Y on line N N, Fig. 1l, the propeller-carrying Il shows ahorizontal section through one of the propeller-carrying runners, taken on line E E', Fig. 2. Fig. 12 is a vertical section 9o Fig. 13 is a front view of the blade-adjusting disk and shows section ot' disk-arms. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section through one of the cylinders sets at an angle to horizontal plane.

that carry the propeller-blades. Fig. 15 is plan and section of modified stud 16 and shows pillows for dog-heads. Fig. 16 is a section of a modified form of the propeller-carrying runner and sheath. Fig. 17 isa view illustrating change of plane or horizontal pitch of blades of common propeller if its axis of revolution Fig; 18 diagram matically illustrates change of pitch in downward and upward strokes of blades of compensating propeller. L L is ascending stroke and has greater horizontal angle than has P if) in the descending stroke, which secures moderate speed. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatie view wherein P P has greater velocity and horizontal angle in descending than L L the ascending' stroke, in which action is secured a pronounced lpropelling action and high speed with application of high power. y ign 2O indicates acceleration'and retardation of blades. The dotted lines represent position of blades if revolving as ordinary propeller-blades.' The straight solid lines indicate how blades fall behind on one side and catch up on descending.

1 indicates a power-shaft through which rotary motion is imparted to the propellers from an engine or other suitable power appliance.

2 indicates three concentric shafts, (numbered individually 2,2", and 2"',) these shafts being the medium through which power is applied to mechanism connected to propellers to vary the velocity or angles, or both velocity and angles, of the propeller-blades singly or in unison during rotation of the propeller.

3 indicates runners by which the propellers. are supported and carried, each runner containing mechanism through which the propellers are operated and the propeller-blades are shifted to obtain varying degrees of angle and velocity. The runners 3 are rigidly connected at their upper ends by a cross-beam 3'. (See Fig. 5.) t indicates sheaths in which the runners are positioned to move vertically.

5 indicates propeller-blades, which (see Fig. lO) are adapted to oscillate on pivots 7.

6 indicates oscillating cylinders fitted 'in channels contained by a revolving casing 11 and by which the blade-pivots 7 are carried.

8 indicates blade-stems, which may be integral with the, socket-stems 9, that fit over the blade-pivots 7 (see Fig. 12,) or may be seated in said socket-stems, as seen in Fig. 10, to provide a slight oscillation and degree of resilience furnishedby such arrangement, the

blade-stein in the last-named instance being held to the socket-stem by a set-screw 31. On the inner end of each socket 9 is a cog-wheel 10, that is arranged in mesh with rack-teeth of a reciprocating rack-bar 14C,- loosely positioned in the corresponding oscillating cylinder 6, that receives said socket. The casing 1 1 is rotatably mounted in the runner 3 and carries at its inner end a beveled cog-wheel 12,

that is arranged to operate in a chamber within the runner 3, in which the operating parts of the screw-propeller are also contained.

16 designates a stud fixed to the runner 3 and on which the casing 11 is rotatably mounted, so that said cog-wheel 12 may rotate around said stem when driven by a bevel-gear 1', carried by a power-shaft 1. (See Fig. 10.)

13 indicates link-arms fixed to the cylinders 6 and set spirally on said cylinders with reference to a common center or fulcrum N, each arm being linked over the crank 15 of a shaft ll (See Figs. 10 and 12.)

14C indicates the reciprocating rack-bars, adapted to slide longitudinally in the cylinders 6 and having their heads seated in a grooved cam 17, whereby upon the movement l of said cam, as hereinafter stated, movement may be imparted to the propeller blades through the medium of the rack-teeth on said rack-bars that engage with the cog-wheels of the sockets 9.

r1`he crank-shaft 15 is adapted to `turn in an eccentrically-positioned channel in the stud 16, the positioning being such that upon rotation of said shaft the crank/ 15' may be caused to describe an arc horizontally through the fulcrum N', Fig. 10.

The cam 17 is loosely mounted on the stem 16, the orifice therein being greater in diameter than the diameter of said stud in order to permit rocking motion of the cam on the stud.

18 18' are arms carried by the cam 17, through means of which by gear mechanism the cam may be moved to occupy a position at an angle of ninety degrees or less to the axis of the stem 16. rlfhe arms 18' are loosely seated in arms 21 of adisk 22, loosely mounted on the stem 16, and on each arm 18 is a wormgear 19, that is adapted to receiveithe engagement of the worin of a worm-screw rod 20, rotatably mounted in the disk 22 and corresponding arml 21.

2O is a pinion fixed to the worm-screw rod 2O and arranged in mesh with a cog-wheel IOO bearing 211' at the rear of the disk 22. '.lhe

disk 22 is supported by an annular rib 23, lo-

catedin the chamber of the runner 3, and also by the tongue 61, that fits in a groove 62, (sce Figs. 13 and 15,) which serves to prevent turning or twisting of the disk on the stem 16. 0n the rotation of the cog-wheel 24 movement is imparted to the worm-screw rods 20,

and their movement communicates motion to the worm-gears 19 to rock the arms 18, and consequently the cam 17. On the rocking of the cam 17 it is set at a fixed angle farther forward' on one'horizontal side of the stem 16 than on the opposite side, with the result that on the rotative movement of the casing 11 through power applied thereto from the power-shaft l the rack-bars 14: are caused to y be reciprocated in the vcylinders 6 and the pitch or angles of the propeller-blades are caused to vary on one horizontal side of the prclopeller from their position at the opposite s1 e.

65 designates pillow-blocks seated in the groove of the cam 17 and adapted to receive the heads of the rack-bars 14 to provide sockets, in'which the heads have limitedplay as the cam is shifted to and fro on the stem i6.

' 25 designates a shaft bearing a pinion 26, that meshes with the cog-wheel 24., through the medium of which said cog-wheel is rotated to operate the Worm-screw rods 20. The

shaft is driven through the medium of a beveled pinion 27, that meshes with a beveled pinion 28, carried by the outer shaft 26" of the three concentric shafts indicated by 2.

29 designates screw-rods rotatably mounted in the runner3 and arranged to turn in screwthreads contained by the disk 22. Upon the rear ends of the screw-rods 29 are pinions 29', that mesh with a cog-wheel 30, loosely niounted on an extension at the rear of the stem i6.

3() is a beveled gear fixed to the cog-wheel' 30. that has arranged in mesh with it a beveled pinion 32, that is carried by the central concentric shaft 2 of those indicated collecto ively by 2. It will be seen that upon rotavtion of the .shaft 2" power is transmitted from.

said shaft through the gearing mentioned to rotate the screw-rods 29 and cause reciprocation of the disk 22 on thevstud 16. By this movement the cam 17 is reciprocated on the stem 16 and acts/to move the dogs le collectively to effect change of the angles of the screw-blades to a common degree, or1 in other words; to change the pitch of said blades in the same ratio. To recapitulate, the reta tion of the shaft 2"' eifects'addition of the pitch on one horizontal side of propeller and diminishes it on the oppositel side or varies the angles of the blades in different portions of revolution of the propeller. Rotation of the shaft 2 causes change ofthe pitch ofthe blades by one common angle.

15 indicates a worm fixed to the crank-shaft l5 at. its rear end, that is arranged in mesh with a worm-screw 33 on the central shaft 2' of those collectively indicated by Q. lt will be seen that upon the rotation of the shaft 2 power is imparted to the crank-shaftl to revolve said crank-shaft and move the crank i5' either tothe center of the stem 16 or to a location eccentric to the axis of said stem. When the crank 15' is located eccentric to the axis of the stem 16,l it occupies a positionfor instance, as shown in' Fig. 12so that .the ful- Crum NT is changed frdm the geometric center, and if the stem of the propeller-blade at the point indicated by 9', Fig. 12, is descending it Will proceed downward with a greater velocity than it'wil'l ascend onr the opposite side orv than the opposite stem and blade will rise, for the reason that the leverage from the -thereof that will act supplementary to crank 15 to the center of the cylinder 6 corresponding to the blade mentioned is shorter on the side indicated at- 9 than on the opposite sidel and therefore the bladeis caused to travel with greater speed. i

l prefer te make the blades of the propeller of wedge shape, as illustrated in Fig. 4:, for the purpose of furnishing working surfacles t ie means used for varying the angles or velocities of the blades. This supplemental action occasioned bythe shape of the blades pro*- vides for less requisite movement of the blades in advancing them on their downward strokes and causing them to recede on lthe ascending strokes, as explained in bringing the working surfaces into action' against the water to obtain the lifting action acquired by the propeller. lt will be readily understood that by reason of the blades being of wedge shape the working surfaces of the blades ai'e always presented to the water 1n such manner and in *such angles with respectto the axis of the propeller-shaft that less movement of each blade in advancing and receding on the downward and upward strokes is necessary than would be required in the instance of blades of uniform thickness to obtain the same amount of service fromthem for the lifting or buoying effect which it is desired/to obtain by the propeller.

34 is a shoulder upon which the lower end of the shaft 2' is supported for its bearing.

35 designates a leveling-plate (see Figs. l., and 3) journaled in the lower free end of the drag-pole 36, that is Swingingly mounted upon the rear end of the boat. rlhe leveling- IOC plate 35 is adapted to be rotated in a vertical plane longitudinal to the boatq such' rotation being obtained through the medium of adriverod et., that is geared to a worm 68 on the shaft that carries said leveling-plate.

37 indicates a heavy weight that is suspended from a shaft e3., (see Fig. 3,) mounted horizontally in a frame al e2. @n the shaft i3 is a beveled pinion 38., that meshes with a beveled pinion 44'., fixed to the shaft 44. f he weight 37 is free to swing in a plane vertical and longitudinal to the boat and is adapted to operate in said plane whenever the rear portion of the boat rises or falls from the horizontal plane of the forward. end of the boat.l by which oscillation the shaft le is caused to revolve sufficiently to raise the front edge of the leveling-plate. By this arrangement in the forward travel of the boat thev inclination of the leveling-plate( is rendered such that it will find a higher or lower levehas thecase may be., until it rides in a horizontal plane,

when it will be found that the boat will ride IIC 4:3 and pole 36 and arranged in mesh with a worm-screw rod 40', bearing a hand-wheel 40. Un rotation of the hand-wheel 40 the pole 36 may be raised and the leveling-plate be revolved out of the water for any desired purpose, or the parts may remain at rest for the leveling-plate to occupy aposition at any desired depth in the water indicated, of which 67 indicates the water-line.

46 indicates hoisting-screws that operate in the crossbeam 8', which unites the runners 3. rilhese hoisting-screws are geared by beveled pinions 47 to an operating-shaft 46', that is equipped with a hand-wheel 48. Rotation of the shaft 46' operates the hoisting-screws tol raise and lower the Arunners 3, which carry the compensating propellers, so that through the medium of said propellers the boat may be raised to any'desired height above the water-line while the boat is in motion,-or the propellers may be raised and lowered in the water by such mechanism while the boat is at rest. The construction of these parts is such that the propellers'may be elevated to any desired distance to carry them inta/the body of the boat or entirely on deck through the wells 69. rEhe propellci's may also be raised only sufticiently to cause their blades to occupy a position immediately below the bottom of the boat, so that they will be of service in propelling the boat in shallow water.

53. indicates a power-wheel from which power isti'ansmitted to rotate the propellers through the medium of a beveled gear-wheel 50, a shaft 51, beveled Agears 54, shaft 56, beveled gears 55, and shaft 1, the latter of which connects with and operates the propeller by imparting rotation to the casing 11, as liereinbefore set forth. rThe shaft 51, being mounted in the beam 3', partalies of the rise and fall of said beam, and therefore to maintain the gearing connection to said shaft ll make its lower end non-circular to tit a corresponding 4aperture in the bevel-wheel 50, so that the shaft 51 will remain constantly in gear with said beveled wheel. f

rli`he series of triple concentric gears (collect ively indicated at 66) are connected to triple concentric shafts 2', 2", and 2"', united at ating mechanism in thel runner 3.

their lower extremities to the propeller-actu# At their upper extremities the shafts 2', Q", and 2"' through the gears 662' 662" 66?" (see Fig. 7) and horizontal and right angle concentric shafts communicate power to the vertical shafts 2', 2", and 2"'. llhe horizontal concentric sliafts are provided with levers L2',

"L2", and' lfm," by which the shafts may be y.

rocked to vary [he angles and velocities of the propeller-blades through theoperation of the vertical shafts that impart motion to the niechanisin operatively connected to the dierent parts, as licreinbefore set forth.

4:5 designates a heavy weight supported by a rock-shaft 60, the said weight being adapt- '3, eatendin0d vertically of said runner.

ed to swing freely in a vertical transverse plane. On the rock-shaft 60 is a beveled cogwheel 60', that meshes with beveled cogy 'the lower or tipping side of the boat and a less sustaining effect on the high side. lt' a tipping action becomes excessive, there isa degree of change communicated to the propeller-blades sufiicient to cause those on the Y more elevated side of the boat to assume such angles as to pull the boat downward on such elevated side.

lin the event of its being` found necessary to adjust the rod 2' to vary the velocities of the propeller at one side from that of the propeller at the opposite side the lever Li', fixed to said shaft, may be sprung toone side, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 7, whereupon tlie'stud 70 is released from the cog 58, with which it was previously in engagement, thereby frceing the rod 2' and permitting it to return without moving the cog-wheel 58 or without interference with the automatic weight 45. in case of a constant wind and the existence ol waves coming from one side of the boat it is necessary to operate the parts mentioned to secure said variation. l The resilience of the lever L2' vcauses kit to be` moved back into its original position on the removal of the hand of the operator therefrom.

Fig. 16 shows a section of a modilicd form ofthe runner 3 and sheath 4t. In this construction tongues 71, carried bythe sheath et,

are made use of to fit in grooves in the runner 'llie object of this arrangement is to furnish a guide for the runner within its sheath and to protect the sharp edge of said runner in a inanner that will ob'viate its wedging in the sheath. Havingdescribed my invention, l will brieliy setforth the mechanical application ot' the propeller-blades whereby a sii'nultaneous biioying and propelling effect is obtained in its use. Place two common screw-propellers one behind tlie other in a channel of water, each propeller adapted to revolve in a plane trans. verse to channel. By revolving the forward propeller a motion is imparted to the water, whereby it liows through blades of second propeller, imparting a revolving motion thereto. it is found that if the two propellers have same pitch the second does not turn quite so fast as the first; also, that the water impinges on opposite sides of the blades in second from in the first propeller. Now my compensatingpropeller is designed so that in one phase of its action there is a slower action in ascending' blades tlianin the.

' compared to their is a region 1n the upper and in thelower quar-` descending blaues, whereby the impinging of the water is received on the under side of the blades both in coming up `as well as going down, by which a buoying effect is obtained, and the lateral pressure that has been lost in the common screw-propeller by counteraction outward from blades is resolved into an action in one direction. and that downward, the direction needed to buoy the boat. T he velocity being enough greater downward than it is upward, and this downward action being of a tendency to` slide forward, it overbalances the action Aof the ascending blade, which has a tendency to slide backward, and the result of this overbalancing/i/slto propelforward in a ratio about in keeping with the power applied to vary velocities, which variation of velocity has been explained. Y

Again, if the second propeller have a shorter pitch it is found that it will turn as fast as the rst propeller; but the ,impingement of the water is on opposite side of blades, as in iirst instance. This leadsto a phase in my cornpensating propeller in which there is a variation of pitch of blades in the ascending `as compared to the descending action. ln this case there is also a buoyant effect, together' with .a propelling effect, depending on the amount of variation of pitch;y but by a cornbination of the variable velocities and angles, either or both, a more perfect action is obtained from pointlot| buoyancy and propulsion.

ln the descending and in thewascending blades there is a more or less equal distribution of weight of the boat and load from the fulcrum on which the propellerturns, so that the weight is almost self-sustaining instead of having to furnish power to lift the boat.

On account of the variation of velocities or angles of blades in their ascendingstrokes as descending strokes there ter of the circle of revolution of propeller in which the blades are neutral in their action,

and consequently exert no lateral or propelling effect, the lateral eect, as before stated,

being converted in a downward direction from thehorizontal side blades, which while inthis horizontal position exert a propelling edect as a resultant of power applied to propel, as described. l f y, rEhe blades 5 and the leveling-plate 35 are each adapted to oscillate on an axis located somewhat nearer the entering than the leaving edge thereof. The object of this is that when the boat is moving forward, at the same ltime being sustained by said blades and plate, there is a greater force of impingement on the .forwardhalf than the rear half of blades and plate. By having axis as stated the blades and plate are more equally balanced on their axes and submit more easily to being operated, the weight sustained cutting but little figure in power applied to operate on axis.

The description given ofbuoying and pro- -said blades in the same ratio,

'l shorter on one side than on peiling effect is based on understanding of the boat possessing a forward motion, als is likewise description of action of leveling-plate.

rllhe operation of thepropellers will be understood from the following description, taken in connection with Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20,

which demonstrate the counterleverage or counterpoise action of the propeller-blades.;

ln Fig. 1li-ll have illustrated the change of plane or horizontal pitch of the blades of a common propeller whenits axis of revolution sets at an angle to a horizontal'plane and from which the novel action of my compensating propeller-blades will be made more readily apparent.

Fig. 18 diagrammatically illustrates the change of pitch in the downward and upward strokes of vthe blades of" my representing the ascendingstroke and P P the descending stroke, the former having a greater horizontal angle than thelaltter, which secures moderate speed.

llig. 19 shows diagrammatically wherein the descending stroke l l) has greater velocity and horizontal angle than the ascending stroke ,L lh, whereby greater propelling action and higher power and speed are secured.v

Fig. 2@ shows the accelerated and retarded action-oi2 the blades, the dotted lines 5 reprersenting vthe position of blades when revolving as ordinary propellerblades,while the straight solid lines 5 indicate how the blades fall behind Von ascendingand catch up on descending.

iisd/heretofore described, the blades have three adjustments, as follows: first, one in which' the rocking of cam 17 causes the pitch or angles of the blades 5 to vary on one horizontal side of the propeller from their position at the opposite side; second, one in which the reciprocation of Vearn 17 collectively changes the angles of theblades to acornnnon propeller, L L

IOS

pitch, or, in other words, changes the pitch of and, third, one in which the crank-shaft 15 is revolved to shift 'the fulcrum-point from the common center, so as-to change the leverage of the blades. These adjustments are performed in this particular instance through the Vaction of the three shafts 2', 2, and 2" andthe gearing cooperating therewith, which has been spccili'cally described herein; but other means of effecting these adjustments maybe employed. The hrst two adjustments give differential powen and speed, as will be readily understood, and l will now proceed to explain the counter-poise action secured by the third adjustment. y

By reference to Figs. 1 and 16 itv will be seen that the leverage of opposing blades is the other, the blade at 9' in Fig. 12, for instance,- having less leverage than the diametrically-opposed blade, and that both of these blades are attached to a common central' fulcrum yand to outer secondary fulcrums, the latter formed by the cyl- IIO inders 6, carried by the revoluble casing 1.1. lf these opposing blades be each allowed to rest on a solid support, the weight borne by the fnlcrum will be distributed to the blades and their respective supports. llt' one blade be lifted, the entire weight will be lifted by theblade actingas a lever on its two fulcrums to' revolve the casing, whereby, an equal pressure of weight is brought to bear on the opposing-secondary fulcriim and blade and its support. rlherefore,'inasmuch as one blade will support a portion of the weight inkcounteraction'to another portion of the weight supported by an opposing blade through a compensating leverage, the action is that of counterpoise. l/llhen this propeller is revolving in water, the central fulcrum is eccentric to such a degreeonly as will secure a slowing-up motion 'of the ascending blade, whereby the water is caused to iinpinge underneath and whereby a support is' had, by which means there is bffered what'isequivalent to a solid support, as in the above example, both horizontal side blades being supported from beneath though continually revolving and carried forward on such supports, which, in efect, act as a solid road bed. llhese supports are generated curves considered from appoint of revolutionA of the blades and from a point of forward SAO speed in line of propeller-axis, the descending blade gliding downward and forward on a forwardly-faeing curve and the ascending blade gliding upward and forward on a rearwardlyfacing curve, this on condition always of forwaic speed. By a more rapid revolution of propellera greater pressure is applied to the downwardly and forwardly facing curve or incline and a relief of pressure is had against theupwardly and rearwardly facing curve or incline, when a greater speed is secured until the weight is again in equilibrium, as denoted by the equal pressure of the ascending and deV scending blades against their generated curves.

Y This eounterpoise varies, as denoted by varying pressures, and is equipoise only when the pressure of opposing sides are equal; but connterpoise exists in all phases of revolution in a mobile medium, provided the boat is under speed.

l/V hen the pitch'of the ascending` bladeisg shorter than the pitch of the descending blade, the result is the saine as a slowing up in the motion ofthe ascending blade under condition of uniform pitch, the water impinging beneath the ascending' blade as well as beneath the descending blade, thus securing supports at both sides of the propeller to lift the weight to be sustained. lln this case ofuniform motion but varied pitch the leverage is not conipound, as in the varied velocities of blades, but is simply leverage acting in counterpoise tolift,y one blade counteracting another blade inrelative rigidity thereto, but both acting on a central fulcruni,

midway between its extremities, to lift the I y, 7eme? weight borne bythe fulcrum, while the extremities are active to turn and im pinge against the water and be impinged. against for supports to siistain'the weight borne, this weight being distributed from the fulcrum to the two extremities as components offweight, each \with reference to the other component weighed in balance, or, in other words, the two components of weight are in counterpoise or lifting counter-leverage each with the other. This counterpoise action causes the blades to exert a simultaneous buoyant oi sustaining effect and a propelling effect both while the blades are ascending and descending, whereby the propellcrs not only propel the boat horizontally, but actually lift'the body of the boat above the water and waves, therebyieliminating displacement and resistance of the rwater,r whereby a much greater speed is secured, because the inertia of the water 'is no longer a resistance factor to the body of the boat, there remaining in the water nothing but the pi'opellers, their connect-ions to the body of the boat, the means for keeping thc boat erect, and its connection to body of boat, all of which mechanical appliances gliding in Having now briefly described the principal features of my invention, ll claiml. The combination with a revoluble propeller-carrier, of means for rotating said cai;- rier, a series of pro peller-blades ioclringly carried by said carrier, and means having connection with said blades and arranged to con trol their pitch in variation of each other, and to vary this variation. 1

2. rllhe combination with a vessel, of a revoluble propeller-carrier, means for rotating said carrieiga series of propeller-blades rockingly carried by said carrier, and a movable cam whereby said blades are caused to be moved into a pitch on their descending strokes to serve as a medium to lift a component of the geight of the vessel, substantially as set fort f peller-carrier, of means for revolving said carrier, a series of propeller-blades mounted in said carrier to swing in the line of rotation of as one beam balanced' the propeller, a movable cam, and means of connection between said cam and said blades whereby said blades are moved into varied 'angles with respect to the axis of said carrier on the movement offsaid cam, substantially as set forth.

t. The combination witha vessel, of a series of wedge-shaped propeller-blades mounted to swing in the line of rotation of the propeller,

IOO

3. 'llhecombination with a revoliible pro- ISO peller-blades having their stems seated. in said socket-s, and screws by which their stems are held, substantially as described.

6. The combination with 'a revoluble propeller-carrier, of means for revolving said carrier, a series of oscillatory members mounted infsaid carrier, propeller-blades loosely connected to said oscillatory members, means for oscillating said members to vary the movement o f said propeller-blades at different periods during the rotation 'of said carrier, and means, for feathering said blades during the rotation of the carrier, substantially as described. l *i f A 7 The combination with a` revoluble propeller-carrier, of means for revolving said carrier, oscillatory members mounted in said carrier, means for oscillating said members, propeller-blades loosely connected,V to said oscillatory members, rec'procating bars geared to said propeller-blades, a cam arranged to receive said reciprocating bars, andv means Jfor actuating said cam to move said bars for the purpose offeathering said propeller-blades, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a revoluble 'propeller-carrier, of means for' revolving said carrier, oscillatory members mountedin said carrier, propeller-blades connected to said oscillatory members, rack-bars arranged/in engagement-with said propeller-blades, a cam, a support for said cam. andv means whereby said cam is rocked on its support to recipro- 50 cillatory members; rack-bars arranged in encate said rack-bars for the puklpose of feather ing saidpropeller-blades, su

scribed.

9. The combinationwith a revoluble pro-- p-ller-carrier, vOtmea'ns for revolving said carrier, oscillatory members mounted in said carrier, propeller-blades connected to said'osstantially as degagementjwith said ppelIer-blades, a cam, a support for said cam, means whereby said cam is rocked on its support for the purpose of feathering said .propeller-blades, and pillow-blocks seated in said cam and adapted to receive the rear endsof said rack-bars, substantially-as described.

pole pivotally mounted at the stern of the vessel,` an adjustable leveling-plate carried by said pole, substantially as described.

11. rlhe combination with a vessel,of'a dragpole pivotally mountedat the stern of the vesa weight carried bythe pivot of said pole stantially as described. f v c 12. The combination with a vessel,of a d ragpole pivotally mounted at the stern of the vessel, a leveling-plate swingingly mounted in the free end of said drag-pole, a shaft geared to said leveling-plate, and a weight suspended from the pivot of said pole and adapted to operate said pivot toimpart rotation to said shaft, substantially as set forth.

ners adjustable vertically of th/e vessel, means for adjusting the runners in unison, propellers carried by said runners, means for driving and varyingly controlling the working force of the blades of each propeller, and means for independently governing the drivpeller, substantially as described.'

oluble propeller-carrier, means for revolving said carrier, propeller-blades having their stemsswingingly mounted'in said carrier, a swinging weight mounted on the vessel, and mechanism actuated by said weight, whereby to this specilication, as well as to the drawings witnesses.

CAREY ALAN MANKER.v

Witnesses:

A. O. TATE,

B. HEAVNER.

13. The combination with a vessel, of run-A ing and controlling mechanism of each prof 14. The combination with a vessel, of a rev- 10. The combination with a vessel,of adra'gsel, a leveling-plate carried by said pole, and l.

adapted to control the movement thereof, sub- 90. said bladesare moved,to vary their angularity. In testimony whereof I have signedjmy name herewith, in the presence of two subscribing 

